Innovation for sustainable energy from a pro-poor perspective     

Letha Tawney  Mackay Miller  Morgan Bazilian 《Climate Policy》2015,15(1):146-162

The development and transfer of clean energy technologies to achieve universal energy access is challenging due to the inherent complexities of the energy sector, and the energy governance and financial systems in developing economies. Innovation is an essential part of successfully addressing these difficulties. Duplicating the energy infrastructure models of developed countries will not be sufficient to meet the needs of poor consumers. To the extent that innovation can accelerate energy access, it is important to understand the specific types of innovations that are necessary and how they might be facilitated. The general features of existing international clean energy innovation systems, which are predominantly driven by the markets and emissions reduction mechanisms of developed and rapidly growing emerging economies, are reviewed and the alignment of these systems to the innovation processes required to extend energy access globally is evaluated. Drawing on the innovation policy literature, the attributes of effective international and domestic energy innovation systems that are pro-poor and the associated policy approaches are identified.  相似文献   

南亚高压在中南半岛上空建立过程及其与亚洲南部夏季风建立的关系     

薛旭  陈文 《大气科学》2015,39(4):705-721

利用NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)/NCAR(National Center for Atmospheric Research)再分析资料, 首先讨论了南亚高压在中南半岛上空建立日期的定义标准及其建立过程。结果表明, 南亚高压在中南半岛上空建立的日期平均为4月29日;合成的南亚高压建立前后的大气环流和非绝热加热的演变揭示出南亚高压建立始于菲律宾东南洋面上的反气旋环流分裂后, 西中心在中南半岛上空建立加强形成南亚高压, 该建立过程与中南半岛非绝热加热作用密切相关。在此基础上结合NOAA(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)的对外长波辐射(OLR)资料分析了南亚高压在中南半岛上空的建立与亚洲夏季风建立的关系。结果表明, 中南半岛夏季风建立和南亚高压在半岛上空建立几乎同时发生;南亚高压在中南半岛建立几天后, 东孟加拉湾夏季风开始建立;南亚高压建立大约20天后, 南海和菲律宾夏季风开始建立;大约一个月后, 西孟加拉湾、印度半岛和东阿拉伯海的夏季风建立。南亚高压在中南半岛上空的建立可视为亚洲夏季风建立的开始, 其对亚洲夏季风爆发有很好的指示意义。  相似文献   

冬季西太平洋暖池与华南降水关系的年代际变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

何金海  袁良  祁莉 《大气科学学报》2015,38(6):721-730

利用1951-2010年全国台站冬季降水观测资料、Hadley环流中心逐月海表温度资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料,探讨了西太平洋暖池与我国华南地区冬季降水的关系。结果表明,西太平洋暖池与我国华南冬季降水的年际关系在1972年发生了明显的年代际转折,20世纪70年代前两者弱的负相关未通过信度检验,而70年代后两者相关系数达到-0.5~-0.6。回归分析显示,70年代前,暖池对产生华南冬季降水的水汽条件以及动力条件等的影响不显著,因此其与华南冬季降水的关系不明显。70年代后,暖池偏暖时,在菲律宾海区域激发出一个显著的气旋性环流,该环流西北侧的偏北风不利于南海地区水汽向我国华南地区输送,华南地区水汽辐散增强,而且南支槽地区对流减弱,南支扰动不活跃且扰动不能向下游地区传播,华南地区扰动活动减弱,此外暖池偏暖使北半球经向环流显著增强,且下沉支位于我国华南地区,加强了华南地区的下沉运动,因而华南地区冬季降水显著偏少;暖池偏冷时,情况相反。  相似文献   

Seasonal prediction of June rainfall over South China: Model assessment and statistical downscaling     

Kun-Hui Ye  Chi-Yung Tam  Wen Zhou  Soo-Jin Sohn 《大气科学进展》2015,32(5):680-689

The performances of various dynamical models from the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) Climate Center(APCC) multi-model ensemble(MME) in predicting station-scale rainfall in South China(SC) in June were evaluated.It was found that the MME mean of model hindcasts can skillfully predict the June rainfall anomaly averaged over the SC domain.This could be related to the MME's ability in capturing the observed linkages between SC rainfall and atmospheric large-scale circulation anomalies in the Indo-Pacific region.Further assessment of station-scale June rainfall prediction based on direct model output(DMO) over 97 stations in SC revealed that the MME mean outperforms each individual model.However,poor prediction abilities in some in-land and southeastern SC stations are apparent in the MME mean and in a number of models.In order to improve the performance at those stations with poor DMO prediction skill,a station-based statistical downscaling scheme was constructed and applied to the individual and MME mean hindcast runs.For several models,this scheme can outperform DMO at more than 30 stations,because it can tap into the abilities of the models in capturing the anomalous Indo-Paciric circulation to which SC rainfall is considerably sensitive.Therefore,enhanced rainfall prediction abilities in these models should make them more useful for disaster preparedness and mitigation purposes.  相似文献   

南粤古驿道历史建筑数字化保护与VR场景构建     

万飞  刘子旋  谭明 《测绘通报》2021,(2):108-111

南粤古驿道遗留了众多文化遗产,具有较高的历史、艺术、科学价值,但历史建筑损坏较为严重。为推进南粤古驿道活化利用,本文采用精细三维建模技术与虚拟现实（VR）技术实现了南粤古驿道的数字化保护。首先对南粤古驿道遗址进行了分析,然后从数据采集、点云数据处理、几何模型加工、纹理贴图等方面阐述对历史遗迹进行精细三维建模和VR场景构建的流程和方法。为提高点云数据处理效率,提出了基于遗传算法的欧氏聚类点云分割算法。应用结果表明,本文构建的精细三维模型及VR场景能有效还原南粤古驿道历史建筑,为古驿道与古街巷、古村落、红色革命遗址等文化自然景观的保护提供了新的思路。  相似文献   

南阿尔金地区早古生代中酸性侵入岩的岩石成因及其对构造演化的指示意义     

徐楠  吴才来  刘畅 《地质学报》2023,97(12):4067-4084

南阿尔金造山带位于塔里木盆地和柴达木盆地之间,是中国西北地区重要的俯冲-碰撞杂岩带,其早古生代构造演化过程是近年来的研究热点之一,然而,洋壳俯冲的时限一直存在争议。本文对茫崖石英二长岩开展岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和锆石Lu-Hf同位素地球化学研究,探讨其岩石成因及成岩时的构造环境。样品显示高碱、富钾、低钛、贫铁及Nd-Ta-Ti异常等与钾玄岩相似的地球化学特征,成岩年龄为511～495 Ma, ε_Hf(t)主要为-3.51～-0.08,少量介于0.04～1.69之间。我们认为俯冲洋壳到达角闪岩相边界时释放大量水并上升进入地幔楔,导致地幔楔橄榄岩发生角闪石化交代作用,由于地幔楔沿俯冲带向下拖曳而温度升高,角闪石化橄榄岩熔融形成的熔体在上升过程诱发上地壳物质部分熔融,壳源岩浆混合少量幔源岩浆形成了石英二长岩,该期花岗岩是对造山带从大洋岛弧环境向活动大陆边缘过渡的岩石学响应。因此,南阿尔金洋壳可能在约517 Ma前已经开始俯冲。  相似文献   

Lower and Middle Ordovician conodonts of Laurentian affinity from blocks of limestone in the Rosroe Formation,South Mayo Trough,western Ireland and their palaeogeographic implication     

Svend Stouge  David A. T. Harper  George D. Sevastopulo  Darren O'Mahony  John Murray 《Geological Journal》2016,51(4):584-599

The Middle Ordovician Rosroe Formation consists of some 1350 m of coarse, mainly siliciclastic to volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks, deposited in a submarine fan environment, and is restricted to the southern limb of the South Mayo Trough, western Ireland. Discrete allochthonous blocks, reaching 5 m in size, are present in the formation at several localities. Conodonts recovered from these blocks, collected from two separate locations, are of late Early and mid Mid Ordovician age. The conodonts have high conodont‐alteration indices (CAI 5) indicative of temperatures as high as 300^o to max. 480 °C; some found in the Lough Nafooey area have abnormally high indices (CAI 6), which correspond to temperatures of about 360^o to max. 550 °C. The oldest fauna is dominated by Periodon aff. aculeatus and characterized by Oepikodus evae typical of the Oepikodus evae Zone (Floian Stage; Stage Slices Fl2–3, Lower Ordovician). The younger conodont assemblage, characterized by Periodon macrodentatus associated with Oistodella pulchra, is referred to the P. macrodentatus conodont Biozone (lower Darriwilian; Stage Slices Dw1–2). The Rosroe conodont assemblages are of Laurentian affinity; comparable faunas are well known from several locations along the east to south‐eastern platform margin of Laurentia and the Notre Dame subzone of central Newfoundland, Canada. The faunal composition from the limestone blocks suggests a shelf edge to slope (or fringing carbonate) setting. The faunal assemblages are coeval with, respectively, the Tourmakeady Formation (Floian–Dapingian) and Srah Formation (Darriwilian) in the Tourmakeady Volcanic Group in the eastern part of the South Mayo Trough and probably are derived from the same or similar laterally equivalent short‐lived carbonate successions that accumulated at offshore ‘peri‐Laurentian’ islands, close to and along the Laurentian margin. During collapse of the carbonate system in the late Mid Ordovician, the blocks were transported down a steep slope and into deep‐water by debris flows, mixing with other rock types now found in the coarse polymict clastics of the Rosroe Formation. The faunas fill the stratigraphical ‘gap’ between the Lower Ordovician Lough Nafooey Volcanic Group and the upper Middle Ordovician Rosroe Formation in the South Mayo Trough and represent a brief interval conducive to carbonate accumulation in an otherwise siliciclastic‐ and volcaniclastic‐dominated sedimentary environment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Early Cambrian Mollusc Watsonella crosbyi: A Potential GSSP Index Fossil for the Base of the Cambrian Stage 2     

LI Guoxiang  ZHAO Xin  Alexander GUBANOV  ZHU Maoyan  NA Lin 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(2):309-319

The mollusc Watsonella crosbyi was studied on the basis of material from the lower Cambrian Dahai Member of the Zhujiaqing Formation in eastern Yunnan, China and the Pestrotsvet Formation of the Aldan River region in the Siberian Platform. This fossil had been excessively described under different names in the literature, such as Heraultia varensalensis Cobbold, 1935, H. sibirica Missarzhevsky, 1974, Heraultipegma yunnanensis He and Yang, 1982, H. yannanese He and Yang, 1982, Watsonella yunnanensis, W. crosbyi Grabau, 1900, etc. Taxonomic revision shows that other species are junior synonyms of W. crosbyi. Analysis of functional morphology implies that W. crosbyi may be rather a helcionelloid than a rostroconch since its univalved conch is untorted endogastric and lacks a rostrum and a true internal pegma. Replicas of the original microstructures preserved on the surfaces of phosphatic internal moulds confirm that the shell consists of two layers. The inner layer is lamello-fibrillar, and the outer layer is spherulitic prismatic. The widespread geographical occurrences in both siliciclastic and carbonate rocks of the late Terreneuvian indicate that W. crosbyi is an important index fossil for global correlations and subdivision of the Cambrian Series 1 (Terreneuvian). The first appearance datum (FAD) of W. crosbyi is suggested to be a potential GSSP (Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point) candidate marker for defining the base of the Cambrian Stage 2.  相似文献   

Geochemical Stratigraphy and Microvertebrate Assemblage Sequences across the Silurian/Devonian Transition in South China     

ZHAO Wenjin  WANG Nianzhong  ZHU Min  Ulrich MANN  Ulrich HERTEN  Andreas LüCKE 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(2):340-353

Carbon isotope (δ13Corg) analyses of non-marine clastic rocks and neritic carbonates and black shales spanning the Silurian/Devonian transition are compared from two richly fossiliferous sequences in Qujing of East Yunnan and Zoige of Sichuan, South China. The two sections, Xishancun and Putonggou sections in South China, reveal positive δ13Corg shifts happening in the Upper Pridoli and Lower Devonian and reaching peak values as heavy as ?25.2‰ (Xishancun) and ?19.9‰ (Putonggou) in the lowermost Lochkovian following the first occurrence of the thelodont Parathelodus and the conodont Icriodus woschmidti woschmidti (only in Putonggou Section and together with Protathyris-Lanceomyonia brachiopod fauna). These results replicate a globally known positive shift in δ13Corg from the uppermost Silurian to the lowermost Devonian. The δ13Corg variations across the Silurian/Devonian Boundary (SDB) at the two sections in South China exhibit a shift in carbon isotopic composition similar to the detailed SDB curves from the borehole Klonk-1 drilled at top of the Klonk Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) in the Prague Basin, Czech Republic. In addition, four microvertebrate assemblages, including the Liaojiaoshan, Xishancun, Yanglugou and Xiaputonggou assemblages, are recognized from the Silurian/Devonian transition exposed in the Xishancun and Putonggou sections, respectively. The results from both carbon isotope stratigraphy and microvertebrate assemblage sequences suggest that the SDB in South China is located at the base of the Xishancun Formation (between sample QX-20 and sample QX-21) in the Xishancun Section and the lower part of the Xiaputonggou Formation (between sample ZP-09 and sample ZP-10) in the Putonggou Section. The isotopic trend for organic carbon together with the changes of microvertebrate remains across the SDB can offer an approach to a potential correlation of the SDB from different sedimentary facies, which help to correlate the marine with non-marine deposits.  相似文献   

Gravity Flow on Slope and Abyssal Systems in the Qiongdongnan Basin, Northern South China Sea   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

SU Ming  XIE Xinong  LI Junliang  JIANG Tao  ZHANG Cheng  HE Yunlong  TIAN Shanshan  ZHANG Cuimei 《《地质学报》英文版》2011,85(1):243-253

The study of new seismic data permits the identification of sediment gravity flows in terms of internal architecture and the distribution on shelf and abyssal setting in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB). Six gravity flow types are recognized: (1) turbidite channels with a truncational basal and concordant overburden relationship along the shelf edge and slope, comprising laterally-shifting and vertically-aggrading channel complexes; (2) slides with a spoon-shaped morphology slip steps on the shelf-break and generated from the deformation of poorly-consolidated and high water content sediments; (3) slumps are limited on the shelf slope, triggered either by an anomalous slope gradient or by fault activity; (4) turbidite sheet complexes (TSC) were ascribed to the basin-floor fan and slope fan origin, occasionally feeding the deep marine deposits by turbidity currents; (5) sediment waves occurring in the lower slope-basin floor, and covering an area of approximately 400?km2, were generated beneath currents flowing across the sea bed; and (6) the central canyon in the deep water area represents an exceptive type of gravity flow composed of an association of debris flow, turbidite channels, and TSC. It presents planar multisegment and vertical multiphase characteristics. Turbidite associated with good petrophysical property in the canyon could be treated as a potential exploration target in the QDNB.  相似文献